- (Topic 2)
Correct Answer:D
- (Topic 2)
For the five days shown, the median daily number of television viewers, in millions, was closest to which of the following?
Correct Answer:D
- (Topic 3)
As originally formulated, the selfish-herd theory of prey species aggregation assumed that predatory attacks were equally likely to be launched from any position within the environment. In some circumstances (e.g.. avian predators attacking prey from above), such an approach is appropriate. However, as James et al. argue, in many predator-prey associations, attacks are unlikely to occur from positions within the group. For example, it is likely that an ambushing predator waiting in the path of a group would be detected before
the group moves over its position. Hence, in many ecological situations, predatory attacks on grouped prey will occur exclusively from outside the group. In such circumstances, there is a strong premium to a group member in being in the interior of the group.
James would most likely describe the original formulation of the selfish-herd theory as
Correct Answer:C
- (Topic 3)
Economists use two competing models to describe the effects of commercial advertising—advertising as market competition and advertising as market power. The market competition model holds that the fundamental function of advertising is to provide information about products and brands. It is argued that information in ads permits greater marketplace efficiencies, such as lower prices and reduced monopoly power. In a similar vein, much discussion regarding political advertising has rested on its informational value Does political advertising provide political information and help voters make informed decisions'1 Nelson argues that promoting bars of soap in commercial ads is no different than promoting political ideas ideology from political candidates in political ads. on the grounds that information is being distributed m both cases. Others, such as Ferguson and Jamieson, disagree with Nelson's proposition Ferguson, for example, pointed out that choosing a political candidate is more like buying an experience good (where the quality is hard to evaluate prior to purchase) rather than a search good (where the quality is easily evaluated before the purchase). According to Ferguson, claims in political ads do not have true informational value, because it is difficult for voters to draw inferences about the future deeds of a candidate from what the ads say Furthermore. Jamieson argues that political ads reshape the public image of political candidates and change voters' feelings about the candidates with subtle emotional cues but without substantive information upon which to base a reasoned judgment
Which of the following statements, if true, would most clearly weaken Nelson's argument as it is presented in the passage?
Correct Answer:D
- (Topic 3)
People who come to believe false rumors often do so quite (i) _____ in the sense mat their new belief
(ii) _____ their existing knowledge. This problem is especially acute on the Internet.
Rumors often arise and gain
traction because they fit with, and support, the prior convictions of those who accept them.
Correct Answer:BD